Black History: A Piece of Haiti in America

Haiti, the first independent Black republic, has had a profound and often overlooked impact on the United States. From the American Revolutionary War to the Louisiana Purchase, and from shaping cities like Chicago and New Orleans to influencing culture in the Carolinas, Haiti’s footprint in American history is undeniable.

Haitian Soldiers in the American Revolutionary War

During the American Revolution, Haiti—then a French colony known as Saint-Domingue—played a crucial role in supporting the American cause for independence. In 1779, over 500 Haitian soldiers, known as the Chasseurs-Volontaires de Saint-Domingue, fought in the Siege of Savannah. These free Black soldiers were instrumental in aiding the American and French forces in their attempt to take back the city from the British. Their involvement in the war not only displayed Haiti’s commitment to liberty but also inspired the revolutionary spirit that would later lead to Haiti’s own independence in 1804.

The Louisiana Purchase: Haiti’s Role in America’s Expansion

One of the most significant events in U.S. history—the Louisiana Purchase—was directly tied to Haiti. Napoleon Bonaparte had ambitious plans for a French empire in the Americas, with Haiti as its economic powerhouse. However, the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), led by figures like Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines, dismantled French control over the colony. The loss of Haiti, coupled with the challenges of maintaining a vast overseas empire, forced Napoleon to abandon his ambitions in the Americas. In 1803, he sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million, effectively doubling the size of the young nation.

Haitian Influence in Chicago’s Foundation

Few people know that the founder of Chicago, Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, was of Haitian descent. Born in Saint-Domingue, du Sable was a fur trader and entrepreneur who established the first permanent settlement in what is now Chicago in the late 18th century. His contributions laid the groundwork for one of America’s greatest cities. Today, he is honored as the “Founder of Chicago,” with landmarks and institutions named in his memory.

New Orleans: A Haitian Refugee Haven

New Orleans’ vibrant Creole culture, cuisine, and traditions owe much to Haiti. Following the Haitian Revolution, thousands of refugees—both Black and white—fled to Louisiana, bringing with them their culinary practices, music, and architecture. This mass migration significantly influenced the cultural fabric of New Orleans, strengthening its Creole identity and shaping traditions such as jazz, gumbo, and voodoo practices.

The Carolinas: Haitian and French Influence

Haitian influence extended beyond Louisiana to the Carolinas, where many French-speaking planters and their enslaved workers settled after fleeing the Haitian Revolution. These migrants brought agricultural techniques that helped shape the rice and indigo plantations of the region. Additionally, the Gullah Geechee culture, a distinct African American cultural group in the coastal Carolinas and Georgia, carries echoes of Haitian and West African traditions.

Haitian Legacy in U.S. Place Names

Haiti’s legacy in the U.S. is also visible in the number of towns and cities named after it. Several places across the country bear the name “Haiti” or “Saint-Domingue” in recognition of the deep historical ties between the two nations. Notable examples include Haiti, Missouri, and Saint Domingue, Louisiana, reflecting the impact of Haitian immigrants and historical events.  Across the United States, eight towns and communities bear the name "Hayti", each carrying historical and cultural significance. The name "Hayti" serves as a tribute to Haiti’s enduring legacy, embodying the spirit of resilience, freedom, and unity.

A Lasting Impact

Haiti’s contributions to American history are vast and enduring. From aiding in the fight for independence to shaping key cities and cultural movements, the Haitian influence is woven into the fabric of the United States. Recognizing and celebrating this shared history is essential in understanding the deep connections between the two nations.

As we reflect on Black history, it is crucial to acknowledge Haiti’s role not just as the first free Black republic, but as a key player in the development of the United States—a legacy that continues to resonate today.